A heart attack (also called myocardial infarction) happens when the blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is blocked, usually by a blood clot in a coronary artery. Without blood, the heart muscle can’t get the oxygen it needs, and the affected part begins to die. Prompt medical treatment is critical to save heart tissue and life.
Key Symptoms of a Heart Attack
Common Symptoms (in both men and women):
- Chest pain or discomfort: Usually in the center or left side of the chest. It may feel like pressure, tightness, fullness, or a squeezing pain.
- Pain in other areas: Such as arms (especially the left), neck, jaw, back, or stomach.
- Shortness of breath: Often occurs with or before chest discomfort.
- Cold sweat: Profuse sweating for no reason.
- Nausea or vomiting
- Dizziness or lightheadedness
- Fatigue: Especially in women, an unusual, extreme tiredness may be a sign.
Symptoms That May Differ in Women
Women can experience the classic symptoms, but often their symptoms are more subtle, such as:
- Unusual fatigue (sometimes for days)
- Shortness of breath without chest pain
- Nausea or indigestion-like discomfort
- Pain in the jaw or upper back
What to Do If You Suspect a Heart Attack
- Call emergency services immediately (e.g., 112 in Europe, 911 in the U.S.).
- Chew and swallow aspirin (if the person is not allergic and has no contraindication). It helps reduce blood clotting.
- Keep the person calm and seated.
- If unconscious, start CPR if trained, and use an AED (defibrillator) if available.
Risk Factors for Heart Attack
- Smoking
- High blood pressure
- High cholesterol
- Diabetes
- Obesity
- Lack of physical activity
- Family history of heart disease
- Stress or substance abuse (e.g., cocaine)
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